초중급 제06강 - 현재완료 와 과거의 차이

Last Updated : 2023-07-03

Perfect present: I have finished.
Past simple: I finished.
When do we use them?
현재완료와 과거는 언제 사용하는 걸까요?
현재완료는 과거와 현재를 이어주는 역할을 하고, 과거는 과거에서 종결된 행동을 나타낼 때 사용하는 표현입니다.

PRESENT PERFECT 현재완료
The Present Perfect is used to link the present and the past.
The Present Perfect is used :
1. To talk about an action which started in the past and continues today.
For and since are used to express duration.
과거에 시작해서 현재에 종결이 아니라 현재까지 이어지는 경우를 나타낼 때 사용하는 표현입니다. For와 Since가 자주 함께 사용됩니다.
◊ I have lived here for 10 years. I have lived here since 1998.
(I arrived here 10 years ago and I am still here.)

2. To refer to past events in an unfinished period of time :
과거의 일 또는 행위를 나타내고 그 일이 종료되지 않은 시간일 때 사용됩니다.
◊ I have written two letters today.
(Two letters are written but today is not finished.)

3. To talk about recent events that have just happened or been announced :
현재와 근접한 시간에 일어나거나 발표된 것을 나타내는 표현일 때
◊ There has been a plane crash near the coast.
(We know the event took place but we don't know when.)

4. To talk about a past action with a result in the present :
과거에 일어난 일이지만 그 결과가 현재에 나타날 때 사용합니다.
◊ I've broken my arm. I can't drive. (= because my arm is broken now)

5. To talk and ask about experiences or accomplishments up to the time of speaking, but at no specific time.
"I'm a writer. I've written 9 books."
"Have you ever written a biography?" "No never."
PAST SIMPLE
The Past Simple is used to talk about past events which happened in a finished period of time.
The Past Simple is used :
1. When the period of time is finished :
◊ I wrote two letters yesterday. (Yesterday is finished.)

2. When the time is mentioned, either a precise time in the past, or a time expression which clearly situates the event in the past:
◊ I lived in the country
----------- until the age of 6

----------- when I was young

----------- from 1985 to 1992

----------- before we moved to London

----------- a long time ago

NB : As a general rule, if you can answer the question "when?", use the Past Simple

초중급 제06강 - 현재완료 와 과거의 차이 | 생각영어 공부방 : https://thinkenglish.kr/post/bbad1fea/266

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다음 글 : 초중급 제07강 - Some / any / a little / a few / much / many

이전 글 : 초중급 제05강 - 현재완료 / 현재완료진행